What is a Rare Disease?
What is Considered a Rare Disease?
In the United States, a disease is considered rare if it is believed to affect fewer than 200,000 Americans. Some other countries and the European Union have similar, but slightly different definitions.
How many people have rare diseases?
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there are almost 7,000 rare diseases affecting between 25 and 30 million Americans.
What are some examples of rare diseases?
Rare diseases are present across the spectrum of medical conditions. All but a few types of cancer are rare. There are also rare neurological and neuromuscular diseases, metabolic diseases, chromosomal disorders, skin diseases, bone and skeletal disorders, and rare diseases affecting the heart, blood, lungs, kidneys, and other body organs and systems. Many rare diseases are named for the physicians who first identified them. A few are named for patients or even the hospitals where they were first identified. The most complete listing of rare diseases in the U.S. is on the website of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) at rarediseases.info.nih.gov.
Who is affected by rare diseases?
Nearly one in 10 Americans have rare diseases. Many—but not all—of these diseases are genetic. Some are apparent at birth. Some do not appear until much later in life. More than half of the people known to be affected by rare diseases at this time are children.
How many rare diseases have treatments?
Many rare diseases still have no approved treatment. And many are not even being studied by medical researchers at this time. Often, people with rare diseases are treated “off-label” (with treatments that are not approved by FDA for their specific disease). Increasingly, patients are experiencing reimbursement problems with insurance (including Medicare and Medicaid) for off-label treatments.
What are some of the problems experienced by people who have rare diseases?
• Difficulty in obtaining an accurate diagnosis
• Limited treatment options
• Difficulty finding physicians or treatment centers with experience in treating a particular rare disease
• Treatments that are generally more expensive than those for common diseases
• Reimbursement issues related to private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid
• Difficulty accessing medical, social, or financial services or assistance because those making the decisions are not familiar with the disease
• Feelings of isolation and of having been abandoned or “orphaned” by our healthcare system
